罗伯特·埃米特·舍伍德（Robert Emmet Sherwood，1896 年 4 月 4 日 - 1955 年 11 月 14 日）是美国剧作家、编辑和编剧。

罗伯特于 1896 年出生于纽约新罗谢尔，是富有的股票经纪人亚瑟·默里·舍伍德 （Arthur Murray Sherwood） 和他的妻子罗西娜·埃米特 （Rosina Emmet） 的儿子，罗西娜·埃米特 （Rosina Emmet） 是一位成就卓著的插画家和肖像画家，被称为罗西娜·舍伍德 （Rosina E. Sherwood）。

舍伍德的第一部百老汇戏剧《罗马之路》（1927 年）是一部关于汉尼拔拙劣入侵罗马的喜剧，引入了他最喜欢的主题之一：战争的徒劳。他后来的许多戏剧作品都采用了这一主题的变体，包括《白痴的喜悦》（1936），该作品为舍伍德赢得了四项普利策奖中的第一项。据传说，他曾向八卦专栏作家卢修斯·比比坦白，“我的麻烦在于，我从一个大信息开始，最后除了好的娱乐之外什么都没有。

舍伍德在百老汇的成功很快引起了好莱坞的注意。1926年，他开始为银幕写作。虽然他的一些作品没有得到认可，但他的电影包括许多对他的戏剧的改编。他还与阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克和琼·哈里森合作为丽贝卡（1940）编写剧本。

随着欧洲处于第二次世界大战之中，舍伍德搁置了他的反战立场，以支持与第三帝国的斗争。他 1940 年关于苏联入侵芬兰的戏剧《没有夜晚》由他共同创立的剧作家公司制作，并由阿尔弗雷德·伦特、林恩·丰塔纳和蒙哥马利·克利夫特主演。舍伍德公开嘲笑孤立主义者查尔斯·林德伯格是“纳粹蔑视所有民主进程的纳粹奥林匹亚”。

从1943年到战争结束，他担任战争信息办公室主任后，他凭借威廉·怀勒（William Wyler）执导的电影《我们生命中最美好的岁月》（The Best Years of Our Lives）重返戏剧写作。这部 1946 年的电影探讨了三名军人从战争中返回家园后生活的变化，为舍伍德赢得了奥斯卡最佳剧本奖。

舍伍德于 1955 年在纽约市死于心脏病发作。1957 年 1 月 3 日，他的最后一部作品《默里山上的小战争》在百老汇的埃塞尔·巴里摩尔剧院首演。近四十年后，演员尼克·卡萨维茨（Nick Cassavetes）在1994年关于阿尔冈昆圆桌会议的故事片《帕克夫人与恶性循环》中饰演舍伍德。

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Robert Emmet Sherwood (April 4, 1896 – November 14, 1955) was an American playwright, editor, and screenwriter.

Born in 1896 in New Rochelle, New York, Robert was a son of Arthur Murray Sherwood, a rich stockbroker, and his wife, the former Rosina Emmet, a highly accomplished illustrator and portrait painter known as Rosina E. Sherwood.

Sherwood's first Broadway play, The Road to Rome (1927), a comedy concerning Hannibal's botched invasion of Rome, introduced one of his favorite themes: the futility of war. Many of his later dramatic works employed variations of that motif, including Idiot's Delight (1936), which won Sherwood the first of four Pulitzer Prizes. According to legend, he once admitted to the gossip columnist Lucius Beebe, “The trouble with me is that I start with a big message and end up with nothing but good entertainment.”

Sherwood's Broadway success soon attracted the attention of Hollywood; he began writing for the silver screen in 1926. While some of his work went uncredited, his films included many adaptations of his plays. He also collaborated with Alfred Hitchcock and Joan Harrison in writing the screenplay for Rebecca (1940).

With Europe in the midst of World War II, Sherwood set aside his anti-war stance to support the fight against the Third Reich. His 1940 play about the Soviet Union's invasion of Finland, There Shall Be No Night, was produced by the Playwright's Company that he co-founded and starred Alfred Lunt, Lynn Fontanne, and Montgomery Clift. Sherwood publicly ridiculed isolationist Charles Lindbergh as a "Nazi with a Nazi's Olympian contempt for all democratic processes".

After serving as Director of the Office of War Information from 1943 until the conclusion of the war, he returned to dramatic writing with the movie The Best Years of Our Lives, directed by William Wyler. The 1946 film, which explores changes in the lives of three servicemen after they return home from war, earned Sherwood an Academy Award for Best Screenplay.

Sherwood died of a heart attack in New York City in 1955. A production of his final work, Small War on Murray Hill, debuted on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on January 3, 1957. Nearly four decades later, Sherwood was portrayed by actor Nick Cassavetes in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle, a 1994 feature film about the Algonquin Round Table.