自1801年约瑟夫·玛丽·贾卡发明纺织织机以来，就一直需要向我们的机器发出指示。在最后几集中，我们的指令已经在我们的计算机内存中了，但我们需要谈谈它们是如何到达那里的——这是编程的核心。

今天，我们将回顾编程的历史，以及将我们从穿孔卡片和穿孔纸带到交换机的插板和控制台的创新。这些技术将把我们带到20世纪70年代中期和家庭计算的开始，但它们有局限性，真正需要的是一种更简单、更易访问的程序编写方法——编程语言。我们下个星期就讲到了。

Since Joseph Marie Jacquard’s textile loom in 1801, there has been a demonstrated need to give our machines instructions. In the last few episodes, our instructions were already in our computer’s memory, but we need to talk about how they got there - this is the heart of programming. Today, we’re going to look at the history of programming and the innovations that brought us from punch cards and punch paper tape to plugboards and consoles of switches. These technologies will bring us to the mid 1970s and the start of home computing, but they had limitations, and what was really needed was an easier and more accessible way to write programs - programming languages. Which we’ll get to next week.